This enzyme is used in synthesis of ATP through aerobic respiration. These functional regions consist of different protein subunits - refer to tables. The F 1 fraction derives its name from the term "Fraction 1" and F O (written as a subscript letter "o", not "zero") derives its name from being the binding fraction for oligomycin, a type of naturally derived antibiotic that is able to inhibit the F O unit of ATP synthase. An F-ATPase consists of two main subunits, F O and F 1, which has a rotational motor mechanism allowing for ATP production. This article deals mainly with this type. Organisms capable of photosynthesis also have ATP synthase across the thylakoid membrane, which in plants is located in the chloroplast and in cyanobacteria is located in the cytoplasm.Įukaryotic ATP synthases are F-ATPases, running "in reverse" for an ATPase. ![]() In prokaryotic cells ATP synthase lies across the plasma membrane, while in eukaryotic cells it lies across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This electrochemical gradient is generated by the electron transport chain and allows cells to store energy in ATP for later use. ![]() ADP + P i + 2H + out ⇌ ATP + H 2O + 2H + inĪTP synthase lies across a cellular membrane and forms an aperture that protons can cross from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration, imparting energy for the synthesis of ATP.The overall reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase is: Stator is not shown here.ĪTP synthase is a protein that catalyzes the formation of the energy storage molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (P i). ![]() Molecular model of ATP synthase determined by X-ray crystallography.
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